How to Develop a Code of Conduct for Your Company

How to Develop a Code of Conduct for Your Company WHAT IS A CODE OF CONDUCT AND WHY IS EVERYONE TALKING ABOUT IT?You probably heard about it…Serious companies nowadays cannot be imagined without their comprehensive codes of conduct.The surprising thing about these optimistic manifestos?Some of these happened to have quite massive practical influence!Google, Coca Cola, Ikea… Virtually all relevant companies have detailed and worked out codes of business conduct.And what’s even more important: They all try pretty hard to comply with principles stated in those seemingly irrelevant documents.What does this mean? Can this code of conduct be a legally binding document?No. This is not labor law or anything…The term refers to companies policy statements which define ethical standards for their business conduct.In other words, a code stipulates company’s values, missions and goals.For sure, the code may also touch upon more specific situations which may arise at the work place, hence, provide guidance on how to proceed (e.g. unethi cal behavior, mobbing, sexual harassment, thefts etc.).When it comes to big, influential companies, they DO pay attention to the principles stated in their codes. The main reason? Reputation and image.These companies are aware of their huge social and economic impact…Code of conduct serves to attest their ethical intentions. Failing to comply with such intentionsSuch failure can have a massive influence and sometimes even, fatally ruin a company’s image.Speaking of smaller companies, their code of conduct is NOT all that INFLUENTIAL.It is a useful tool, for sure, but it probably will not trigger such drastic results as within huge corporations.That be said…You may have been told you need a code of conduct or thought about it yourself but are not actually sure you want to invest time and/or money into its drafting.Do you really need it?A very general and rough estimate: you don’t really need it in this exact form if your company is very small, hence, employees less than 20 pe ople overall.Nevertheless, bear in mind that some ethical issues may have an even greater impact in smaller companies…To give an example: Think of romantic relationships at the work place. Imagine what a bad break up or even potential sexual harassment lawsuit could do to a small business… In a company with relatively small turnover and intimate working climate?The impact could prove much more significant than in big companies!Plus, you should definitely think of having a code if your company operates under strict liabilities policies or its operations have potentially high social/environmental influence.In such cases, companies size should not be the decisive factor.The thing is that all companies have some kind of policies and rules!A code of conduct is simple, rather general codification of the most important ones.Ultimately, it is up to you to decide how important policies are to be communicated within the company…A code may simply put more emphasis on those values you pra ise the most.And having decided you need a code of conduct… where do you start?STEP 1: INITIATE THE DRAFTOk, so you want it, you know you need it and your first question probably is:Who, in the god’s name should draft this thing?Let me answer some of FAQs here:Do I need a lawyer? Can I do it myself? Is this a whole team action, meaning all employees need to pitch in?IT DEPENDS!It depends on the company, on the impact you strive this conduct to have, how skilled you are with drafting of such documents, company regulations etc.Let’s start with a few general information:You do not need a lawyer.Consulting a lawyer could make sense if:you are a big company,your business has major influence of social or environmental kind, or you are a company bound by strict liability policies. (the list is not exclusive)In such cases, you may want to make sure your internal documents and guidelines are precise and work in your favor.In other cases, a lawyer should not be necessary since, as previ ously mentioned, code of conduct is not a legally binding document.You can do it (if you are up to the task).If you trust yourself with doing this, have some writing experience and perceive drafting of this code as a fun task rather than a real obligation, I don’t see a reason why you could not do it yourself.The thing is that it takes time and energy which are the exact things leadership is usually lacking.In the recent years, many companies transferred this obligation to the HR section, so this may be an idea…(If possible) the whole leadership should be on it.Why the WHOLE LEADERSHIP?Because this provides consistency, support for the document and most importantly, demonstrates unity among company’s leading people.And think about this… Aren’t these some of the very goals you wish to achieve by drafting the code?You don’t want someone from the leadership turning against the code and saying he/she hasn’t agreed to it from the very start…You especially do not want this scenario to happen the moment you wish to invoke the code and force someone to comply with it.Therefore, leadership, stakeholders, managing partners… the more relevant people you get to agree and sign the code, the better. As for the employees…Relax… drafting of the code should not be a team event.Nevertheless, it does make sense to get as many insights and pitches from the side of employees as possible…Why this, you may ask?Well, this code should serve as a guideline for everyone in the company, right?That be said, it should WORK IN PRACTICE, not only sound nice.And although you may think you know everything that is going on in the company… You could be wrong.You may fail to address some of employees major issues or struggles, due to simply not knowing about them.On another note, having a signature of employee’s representative may add up an extra impact and by letting employees in on the process, you may immediately strengthen their dedication to the code which is kind of the point.To sum up: The sole drafting process does not have to include lawyers, should lie upon the agreement of the whole leadership and should consider the standing of employees.Who puts it in words, you, HR or a third-party remains at the discretion of a specific company.And now that we have formalities settled…STEP 2: DECIDE ON COMPANY’S CORE VALUES.In the document itself, you start with the important stuff…The first question you should ask yourself is:Why do I need a code of conduct?Do you want people to know RULES? Good, transparency. People like knowing what they CAN and CANNOT DO. And even if they have been told something… they oftentimes really like to see it in writing too.You want to stress out some of COMPANIES GOALS (e.g. environmental goals, charities, fairness etc.)? Ok, goals give perspective and can guide the employees through some tough decisions they encounter in the everyday company setting.You strive to achieve friendly and productive WORKING CLIMAT E? Productivity equals profits and it is a fact: people are more productive when working in a friendly atmosphere where they feel comfortable and safe.All of these can be considered company’s values and all these KEY WORDS (among others) make the CORE OF THE CONDUCT.Basically, code of conduct demonstrates how employees, customers, partners, and suppliers can expect to be treated by a concrete company.And that is where you start! You start by elaborating on what your company stands for and the purpose of the conduct.An example:Company X strives to conduct business with honesty and integrity, and in compliance with the law. Code of Business Conduct provides guidance on the handling of ethical issues and the promotion of an ethical culture.(An example inspired by Coca Cola code of conduct)Think of this as an introduction, preamble…Make it clear and concise.It doesn’t have to be specific. Details will be communicated in the material part of the document.So since we got through the chit chat, let’s start with actual tips on how to draft the MATERIAL part of the code…STEP 3: WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE ‘BODY’ OF THE CODE?Ok, before getting to all necessary and unnecessary details, my suggestion to you would be to take a look at some of the examples of successful codes of business conduct (you can find one of the examples below).When scouting for inspiration, it may make sense to focus on the companies operating in your field or with the size similar to the one of your company.I am stressing this because every company has its specifics, meaning that it values certain principles more than others.Every code is a document for itself, however, there seems to be a general agreement regarding points which should be included in it:ValuesValues govern the company’s functioning and its decision making on all levels.What we often hear nowadays are buzz words such as: fairness, transparency, responsibility, credibility, diligence, aspiration, commitment, etc.By menti oning these in a code, a company dedicates itself to adhere to these values regardless of the situation and outcome, on all levels and all locations of its business.Example:The values that guide our decision-making are spelled out in our Code of Conduct. Put simply, our Code of Conduct challenges us to put the needs and well-being of the people we serve first. (Example inspired by JJ Credo)As you see, this part is, indeed, quite general but it serves the purpose of providing certain ultimate, unbreakable principles which remain binding for the company regardless of the situation.In an ideal case, a company should strive to provide some guidance on its INDIVIDUAL DEFINITION OF ITS VALUES.What is diligence, what is aspirational thinking etc…Explaining this in the code itself may not always be possible but in this case, a company should strive to provide guidance by developing practical tools, such as handbooks, case studies, best practices and/or organizing workshops.Guiding princip lesGuiding principles determine company’s modus operandi.Gender, social, religious equality; prohibition of all kinds of discrimination, opened and respectful treatment of employees throughout the whole supply chain, fairness and best quality for customers and partners etc.These principles are similar to values but are slightly more precise and concrete. They focus on specific ethical or practical issues of the modern business and demonstrate the position of a company in this regard.They can be more precise, e.g.:strict anti-bribery policy instead of a rather general statement, such as ‘adhering to the laws of the country’.It really is up to you how you phrase it…the idea remains the same:When in doubt on how to proceed in a potentially tricky situation, principles stated in the code should be able to provide guidance and help employees make best possible decision.A go to person or an officeThis person should be contact point for all questions, uncertainties or potential bre aches of obligation resulting from the code.Being a fairly general document, people will have questions about it.They may want to clarify a potentially tricky situation, file a complaint or report a potential misconduct…In case this happens, they need to know whom to go to, right?Therefore, one of the essential steps of drafting a code of conduct (and making it actually come to life) is coming up with a person responsible and capable of dealing with these technical matters.Very important…100% confidentiality is a must!Apart from this, you may also want to come up with a frequently asked questions and answers, hence, make these accessible for everyone in the company.I know this can be an extremely boring task but trust me… You will save yourself a lot of time and efforts by coming up with this QA section.Penalties and consequencesFor cases of breaches of commitments resulting from the code… Because you’ll probably have this as well!Strictly prescribed penalties provide clar ity and motivate people to obey rules resulting from the code.Many people may decide to comply with it because it is a decent thing to do and because it simply makes sense but there is no guarantee everybody will.For this less obedient group, there is only one way to go.Furthermore, many may regard penalties section as a proof of documents importance.This section may also get employees to comply with the rules without objecting too much or simply get them to think twice when conducting their everyday business.Last but not least, if a penalty is, indeed, invoked, it is always better to have a written legal ground which entitles such measures.Internal measures or not, it is always better to be on the safe side, right?ChecklistTo sum up, I provide you with a general overview of certain points which ought to be mentioned and elaborated in the code:Integrity and business ethics (see the guiding principles section)confidentialityRespectful treatment and prevention of harassment/mobbingcon flict of interests policyprotection of the brandwhere to ask questions and get an advicepunitive measures in case of a breach of obligations from the codeTIP 1: BE GENERAL AS POSSIBLE BUT MENTION KEY POINTSAnd this is very important!You want to cover all relevant areas but do not want to kill the reader with too many details.Once again, this is not a legal document and one of the most important features of a good code of conduct must be its SIMPLICITY.Or imagine it this way…It should be drafted in a way, that an average employee, without any legal knowledge can understand and comply with it.Reader friendly, you know?You should include above mentioned key points but don’t go into too many details.Let me give an example:Bribery in all forms is strictly forbidden.This is ok. What you should not be writing is something like this:Bribery in any form will not be tolerated. A definition of bribery is… Behavior and actions which could be perceived as bribery include (extensive list of actions)…I think you get the picture…A code should not strive to cover all issues a regular employee may encounter on a daily basis.It may be wise to remember that you, in fact, cannot cover all issues or dilemmas which may arise which is exactly why you shouldn’t attempt this in the first place.In order to achieve this goal, it may make sense to assign a go to person or the whole office which would be able to deal with questions, troubles and complaints on a case by case basis.A code should literally serve as a benchmark to help people become more sensitive, notice potential misconducts and potentially, encourage them to report them.It is for this reason that many big companies put a kind of a disclaimer at the very beginning, owing up to the fact they’ll never be able to cover all major ethical or god forbid, practical issues which may arise.Still, this only means they give up the intention to anticipate everything, not the intention to fight potential misconducts as they come across them.One final note:Skip the legal terms. Don’t miss the point… This document should really be as accessible and understandable as possible.One of the most famous codes of conduct, the one of Google, gained its significance for one reason only:It has proved to be easily understandable for everyone.Therefore, while drafting your own code, make this your mission as well…For the people to the people.TIP 2: INCLUSION OF EMPLOYEESWe already mentioned this earlier but this is where this contribution becomes truly significant.Include your employees when you already have a preliminary draft (if not before) and ask for their opinion.Some of the FAQs you should ask:Do they understand it? How do they understand it? Are there some topics which are relevant for them but remained uncovered by the document?But please, don’t go from one employee to another asking these questions…You can assemble a few employees from different sectors or have just one employees representative commenting and then signing the code.Even if you don’t include each and every one of employees, this approach will have multiple benefits and will gain additional credibility to the code you are drafting.Employees may give you a helpful insight on stress out some of the issues you overlooked.They may also say the document is complicated. Or they may say it is perfectly fine…In any event, you should bear in mind that employees remain one of your target groups, being directly affected by the company’s code of conduct…That be said, hearing what they have to say about it does make sense, doesn’t it?Such inclusion equals less work for you, more support for the document.And now that you have your draft ready…MAKE IT WORK: BRIEFINGS, REMINDERS, CONFIDENTIALITYCongratulations!Your company has a code of conduct and this is great news.But what happens now?Again, this remains up to a specific company and how it goes about the existence of its code of business conduct.The thing is t hat for many companies these principles never become more than words on paper…Simply having them, even in writing, doesn’t suffice.Don’t let your efforts to be a waste of time! Make it work!The company must stress its guiding principles consistently, remind people of its values regularly and have actual, functioning instruments to deal with potential misconduct.What should you be doing in practice to ensure your code actually comes to life (and stays relevant)?Well, you can start by:Answering frequently asked questions regarding the code and making them accessible for everyone in the company.Provide a go to person to solve dilemmas and attend for potential whistle-blowers. Employees rarely feel comfortable coming up about their colleagues or even, superiors and they need to know their career will not be jeopardized in any case.There must be absolutely NO RETRIBUTION for people who decide to come clean about potential misconducts and potentially, make a mistake.Dealing with pot ential misconducts, conversations and investigations within the company should be as confidential as possible. Negative publicity could bring more harm than the actual misconducts, plus, it may scare of employees from ever coming clean about anything.Penalties should be proportional to the action that triggered them, meaning, you don’t sanction a person for accepting a chocolate from the client. Or you do… but in this case, your company may not have the best working climate and atmosphere.At least once per year, employees should be reminded of the code and what these principles stand for.At least once per year, leadership or whoever is in charge of the code should revise it and potentially, amend it, if there is a need for any changes due to recent developments in the company. Such changes should then be communicated within the company as soon as possible.Just to be sure all employees understand the code and its purpose, it may be useful to organize occasional briefings and exer cises, hence, let people in on best practices which can be used to deal with potentially tricky situations.It could be useful to include a mandatory briefing on this topic for all new hires joining the company. This way, they get the idea about its significance from the very start of their employment.Actually incorporate these principles into the everyday business, regardless of how insignificant individual actions may seem. That is how words come to life…And there you have it…It’s not as hard as it seems and having a functional code of conduct may actually improve company’s functioning in many ways.Final piece of advice: Make sure you believe it! The biggest issue with documents of this kind may be them sounding fake or artificial. The result?People will not buy it!Furthermore, they will have troubles understanding and complying with it.Copying another company’s code of conduct may be a lot easier but you will not get it to sound real.   Not in a million years…For this reason, make sure you draft it as personal and true as possible. Focus on the spirit and actual values of your specific company!Consider it an actual contribution to the company’s functioning and live by it.That is the only way it makes sense…

Ethics And Tattoos - Free Essay Example

Tattoos have been around since ancient times and have evolved tremendously over the years. As we know it, body art and tattoos are a way many people express themselves and create their identity. Tattoos can be viewed as negligence to the body or just simply people expressing their feelings or past recognition on their skin. Although people do have freedom to ink their body as theyd like, people also oppose their own perspective of tattooing the body. Tattoos may cause people to make preconceived notions about their owners intelligence, personality, or morality, and therefore may prevent those people from holding jobs, making friends, or participating in other social activities. There are many different religious perspectives on this subject matter, Christian may believe tattoos are harmful to the body, Mayans onced believe tattoos were a form of expressing their God and lastly Atheist claim Christian perspective Christianity is a belief that mankind needs a savoir and those who receive christ as their savior turn that into a daily lifestyle . Many interpret christianity as a religion when in fact its far from a religion , it is indeed a way to live and there are no outside beliefs from the bible that christians live by. Do Christians believe Body art is a sin when done for personal reflection? As a christian everything you do, you do to glorify God. Therefore when body art or tattooing is done for pride or recognition, thats when it becomes wrong corrupt. In an article the rhetorical questions are asked, Am I seeking to glorify God or draw attention to myself?..Will my tattoo cause someone who is weak in the faith to stumble? (Scott). These questions are the main wonders when it comes to getting a tattoos in christian eyes. Pastor of Christ Healing Community Church exclaims, Tattoos take away the beauty that God has created he also goes onto say, Although people do get tattoos, if you have o ne it doesnt mean you dont love God or will keep you away from relationship with him. You should find your identity in Christ rather than in a tattoo. Mayan perspective The Mayan race started around 2600 BC, located on the southern tip of North America in Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador. Mayans were extremely artistic and spiritual people. They were also known for their incredible body modifications, including tattooing. Body art played a vast role in the Mesoamericans religion. Mayan tattoos depicted symbols of the gods, power animals and spiritual symbols to express harmony and balance or the power of night or day. Mayans were able to convey their feelings toward their God and beliefs in their tattoos and body art.The Mayans were a deeply spiritual race. They created hundreds of symbols to express spiritual ideas and beliefs, such as the balance of life and the magic of the gods(Nessworthy) In other words, tattooing is normal to a Mayan and is where their identity is found. Atheist Perspective Atheist are encountered as non believers of God . Most people make the assumption that atheist worship the devil, although some do its not the focus.

The Love in Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare - 883 Words

Love is just a word, until someone comes along and gives it a meaning. But what meaning they give the word is up to them .there are many different types of love in this world. Love comes in many different ways and they are not always pleasant. Love can make you happy or sad it depends on the way it comes to you. Love is tricky and can be confused with all of the different types of love. Love isn’t just one thing there is many different ways to show in and have it. In this play by Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet the word love is shown in many different ways. There is the love that Romeo and Juliet fell in which you can actually put into many different types of love. Then the way Romeo loved Rosaline is another way. And the way the nurse cared for Juliet is yet another type of love shown. In William Shakespeare’s play The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, these types of love are romantic, unrequited, and parental. One topic of my paper is on romantic love and it is shown wonderfully in this particular play. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet are in a hurry even when it comes to dying. There is no doubt in Their soul then would rather die than live apart† (Eckhoff 471). That is one wonderful quote that shows a prospect of romantic love. It talks about how Romeo and Juliet love each other so dearly that without each other they would rather be dead. The love is strong and seems almost unbreakable. â€Å"Their deep interest for us lies in their being alone in a world which does notShow MoreRelatedEssay on Shakespeare in Love and Romeo and Juliet1511 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare In Love,  Romeo and Juliet the play, Romeo and Juliet with Leonardo  DiCaprio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All these works  display very different ideas from the original story and its creation. Each one of them has its own way of portraying the time, the characters, and the themes. Being shown a variety of opinions about what exactly was going on in Shakespeares head when he was writing this magnificent play allows us to be open to our own ideas about its creation. It gives everyone the chance toRead MoreHow Is Love Presented by Shakespeare in Romeo and Juliet?1565 Words   |  7 Pageslooking at how Shakespeare presents love in Act 2 Scene 2 of Romeo and Juliet from lines 18 through to 127. After reading the majority of act 2 scene 2 we are now able to understand and interpret Shakespeare’s language and language devices further. Act 2 Scene two is set in the shadow beneath Juliet’s bedroom window, with Romeo hiding in the darkness. Romeo listens on as Juliet speaks of her love for Romeo to what she thought was the darkness however as we as the audience know Romeo is ab le to hearRead MoreThe Love Triangle in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare726 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Love is an exploding cigar we willingly smoke.† (Barry). Like Lynda Barry said love is like a ticking time bomb just waiting for the right time to blow someone’s face off. For example, in both William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and William Goldman’s The Princess Bride there are many similarities between protagonists, antagonists, and their love. Many people are dead in these two stories now because of their harmful love. Love drives these stories and pushes people to the point of suicideRead MoreConsequences of Forbidden Love in Shakespeare ´s Romeo and Juliet1070 Words   |  5 PagesIn the tragic play of Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare shows us the true consequences of forbidden love and what it is like to love someone in a way where love cannot be expressed and the feelings are so indescribable. Love this powerful actually changes the lives and fate of two young innocent people who lost themselves in each other and couldn’t do what they wanted because of who they were. When it comes to defining love there is no true definition of love. When it comes to fate there is no true definitionRead MoreHow Shakespeare Presents the Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet634 Words   |  3 PagesHow Shakespeare Presents the Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Works Cited Missing Shakespeare presents the theme of love in different ways for each of the characters and for some, such as Romeo, Shakespeares portrayal of this theme changes as the play progresses. Shakespeares first portrayal of the theme of love is in the first act Read MoreHow Does Shakespeare Portray Love in Romeo and Juliet?1638 Words   |  7 PagesIn Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare portrays different aspects and types of love in many ways. The obvious love is the fateful love between Romeo and Juliet although the play also displays platonic love, maternal love and aspects of adolescent love. The first kind of love shown in the play is teenage love through Romeo. Montague tells us that Many a morning hath he (Romeo) been seen... adding to the clouds more clouds with his deep sighs. Romeo is often seen sighing showing that he is either depressedRead MoreDifferent Ideas of Love in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare1562 Words   |  7 Pagesof Love in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Love has existed in many forms throughout time. There is no better example of this then in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. In this tale when love is most apparent, the most crucial events occur to develop tragedy. The evident forms of love are Familial love, Fraternal love and Romantic love. Shakespeare portrays the love of Romeo and Juliet as 2 halves which when joined make there love forRead MoreThemes Of Love And Hate : William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1406 Words   |  6 PagesYousaf ENG-1D1 2016-06-06 Themes of Love and Hate in William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet â€Å"People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.†-Nelson Mandela Romeo and Juliet is a play about two young lovers, whose love was for destruction from the beginning because of the hatred between the two families, Montagues and Capulets. Therefore, the themes of love and hate are very important in theRead MoreThe Tension Between Love and Hate in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare849 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare has created a quintessential tragedy in which deepens the audience’s understanding of the universal themes of love, hate, conflict and death. The recurring focus on the tension between love and hate makes us reflect on how these themes govern upon human behavior. In the play Romeo and Juliet, the main characters for which Romeo and Juliet the denial of love and dominance of hate creates extreme loss, in this case, death. In progress, audiences have recognized that the death of two youngRead MoreHow Does Shakespeare Present the Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet?3876 Words   |  16 Pages‘Romeo and Juliet’, a p lay by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous love stories of all time and, while most people think that it focuses on just romantic love, it also includes many other types of love such as courtly love, friendly love, parental love and sexual love. Sexual love is used in this play as comic relief between the serious parts, as an ice-breaker and to keep the audience entertained. Shakespeare included sexual love in this play because at the time, the audience for whom

Societal Views of Women in the Victorian Era in Henrik...

Societal Views of Women in the Victorian Era in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, creates a peephole into the lives of a family in the Victorian Era. The play portrays a female viewpoint in a male-dominated society. The values of the society are described using the actions of a woman, Nora, who rebels against the injustices inflicted upon her gender. Women’s equality with men was not recognized by society in the late 1800’s. Rather, a woman was considered a doll, a child, and a servant. Nora’s alienation reveals society’s assumptions and values about gender. A woman was considered by society to be a doll because she was expected to be subordinate to her husband’s whims. Referring to a ball that she†¦show more content†¦She alludes to a child’s character when she says, â€Å"everything I think of seems so silly and insignificant† (26). Torvald replies with a condescending statement: â€Å"Does my little Nora acknowledge that at last?† (26). Torvald expects only childish talk from her. He even tells her she is â€Å"little,† like a child, and although he expects nothing more than child’s talk from her, he does expect to be obeyed. Nora plays the part of a slave in her subservience to her husband, for she is supposed to abide by his rules and be dependent on him. She is not supposed to think for herself and repeatedly told so by those around her. When speaking about Nora in her presence, Torvald says, â€Å"She is so terribly self-willed† (55). Nora has a conversation with Mrs. Linde, who also tells her, â€Å"Don’t be self-willed† (57). Torvald tells her, â€Å"I will advise you and direct you† (64). Nora is expected to be a dependent slave who follows her husband’s advice and directions. Women were also legally dependent upon men. The society’s laws of that time even required the male to cosign everything that a woman had to sign. Nora’s naivete in forging her father’s signature and trying to pay off the loan further emphasizes Victorian society’s assumptions about women’s inability to deal with a â€Å"man’s world.† These assumptions about women caused their gender value to be vastlyShow MoreRelatedA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1135 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play, â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen, and the novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, the two protagonists named Nora Helmer and Edna Pontillier depict feminist ideals during the Victorian era in their struggle for independence, both sexually and emotionally. Nora and Edna are feminists in the late 1800s, trapped in an era and a society dictated by men. Both works parallel together and are significant because they show how Edna and Nora awaken, as their roles and self-realization progressRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House2019 Words   |  9 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† is a play that gives insight to the way of life in the Victorian era. What starts out as a story of a man and his lovely wife, begins to evolve into a story of Nora and her role as a woman in society at the time. Th e role of gender has always been a means for strife between man and woman. Despite the current times, there is still a wedge between expectations of a man or woman. During Victorian times, that wedge was much larger and the roles of Torvald and Nora were

Lev Vygotsky Essay - 1668 Words

The psychology theorists of the past have shaped the classrooms of the present. There are many theorists that have affected the teaching styles of today and a theorist that has had a major impact is Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky’s work interests me much because his concepts and ideas encompass many of the ways in which teachers teach in today’s classrooms. The ideas he presented have contoured the strategies of teachers. It is interesting to look into the reasons why teachers have adopted some of the strategies they use and many of those reasons are formed from the original ideas of Vygotsky. Vygotsky was born in Russia in 1896 into a middle class family (Gallagher 1999). Vygotsky studied law at Moscow University and he did not have any†¦show more content†¦According to Gallaway (2001), an MKO â€Å"refers to someone who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, with respect to a particular task, process, or concept.† Vygotsky’s concepts of zone of proximal development and the more knowledgeable other person has led to the idea of scaffolding. Scaffolding, which encompasses both ZPD and MKO, is seen in almost all classrooms in today’s society. Scaffolding is a temporary support mechanism that aids students when they need it and then relinquishes control when the assistance is no longer needed. According to Lipscomb, Swanson and West (2004), scaffolding is used in classrooms by the â€Å"development of instructional plans to lead the students from what they already know to a deep understanding of new material,† and â€Å"execution of the plans, wherein the instructor provides support to the students at every step of the learning process.† Scaffolding encompasses the role of the teacher. The teacher acts as the most knowledgeable other to the student and then assesses the current knowledge of the students. The teacher decides which knowledge level the students shoul d be performing at, and that gap between current knowledge and abilities and their potential is the zone of proximal development. In order forShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Lev Vygotsky1383 Words   |  6 PagesLev Vygotsky was a psychologist that emphasized that children learn through interactions with their surroundings. He was often referred to as the psychology of superman. Most of his work was in developmental psychology and he emphasized that interpersonal connections and the social environment had a lot to development. He had different theories on how biosocial development is an important aspect of a child’s development. Vygotsky felt that language and play had a lot to do with childrensRead MoreLev Vygotsky And The Zone Of Proximal Development1522 Words   |  7 PagesLev Vygotsky and the Zone of Proximal Development Under normal circumstances, a child will physically develop without outside assistance. While there can be variations by way of culture, class, and ability, it is difficult to contest that human nature is the driving force behind the bodily changes that take place from birth until adulthood. In contrast, when it comes to determining the ways in which a child thinks and learns, there are numerous theories on what primarily influences cognitive growthRead MoreLev Vygotsky, A Russian Developmental Psychologist1223 Words   |  5 PagesLev Vygotsky, a Russian developmental psychologist, was born in Orsha, Belarus on November 17, 1896. His primary education was provided at home by his mother and he then entered public school for his secondary education and graduated at seventeen followed by attendance at the University of Moscow. He originally chose medicine as his course of study, but switched to law. During this time he also studied humanities and psychology at Shanyavsky University.3 Upon graduating from college in 1917 he beganRead MoreLev Vygotsky s Influence On Development920 Words   |  4 PagesLev Vygotsky Introduction Lev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist during the Soviet Union. He was the founder of cultural-history psychology. His work concentrated on development psychology with children from an early age. He came from a Jewish family and attended Moscow State University for medical school. After time, he transferred to Law school and got interested in arts to become a literary critic. Then, he became a psychology instructor at a University as his theories came into place. Lev workedRead MoreEssay Sociocultural Theory: Lev Vygotsky1112 Words   |  5 PagesLev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist, born November 17, 1896, who had a wide range of interests that included the cognitive and language development of children. Vygotsky’s theories are somewhat incomplete due to his death at the young age of 38 from tuberculosis. Vygotsky faced many struggles in life that he was able to overcome, such as being a young Jewish boy who grew up in a time where the Russian District limited the numbe r of Jews who were allowed to be educated at a University levelRead MoreEssay on Lev Vygotsky and Social Development Theory1038 Words   |  5 PagesExplain Lev Vygotsky(1896-1934) was a Russian psychologist who created the Social Development Theory/ Sociocultural Theory. Vygotsky believed that childrens mental, language, and social development is supported and enhanced through social interaction. Vygotsky also believed that beginning at birth, children seek out adults for social interactions and that development occurs through these interactions. The belief that social development sets a precedent for development(appeals to the nurture sideRead MoreLev Vygotsky s Theory Of Cultural Development Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesBackground of Theory Born in 1986, Lev Vygotsky took up a passion for philosophy, literature and culture throughout his adolescence. Although intelligent and filled with brilliant ideas, he was unfortunately very limited due to the fact that he was a Jew in anti-Semitic czarist Russia (Newman, 1993). Despite all of this, as well as contracting tuberculosis at the age of 24, he managed to overcome these difficulties and compile a long list of accomplishments in his short 37 years of life. These accomplishmentsRead MoreJean Piaget And Lev Vygotsky848 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many theorists who have discovered different things about child development. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are two of those many theorists. Both of these theorists have their own beliefs on how children develop. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky differ in their developmental theories, how their theories help the intellectual development in children and the similarities in their theories. A developmental theory is a theory that a scientist has proven to be true for a child’s development. AccordingRead MoreJean Piaget And Lev Vygotsky817 Words   |  4 Pagesconcepts learned the next day. It is still very much a progressive action in many districts. Several theorists have studied teaching strategies and documented how they feel children learn best. Two very prominent theorists are Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Jean Piaget had a very long career that included many ideas on how to teach children effectively and how children learn. One of his very popular theories was peer learning. Piaget believed that students should be a part of the learning processRead MoreJean Piaget And Lev Vygotsky1800 Words   |  8 PagesTheorists Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are two of the most recognized cognitive psychologists. They developed theories that addressed cognitive development and learning among children. Jean Piaget Jean Piaget was born on August 9th, 1896, in Switzerland. Piaget’s father demonstrated the importance of being dedicated to his studies and work from a very young age. As a child, this was very influential to him. Piaget’s friends and family were aware of his intelligence from a very young age. Piaget

Coke Behind the Image Essay - 2786 Words

Coke: Behind the Image Almost everywhere I go, I see advertisements for â€Å"The Real Thing.† Even during my trip to Mozambique, a country stricken with poverty where the people rarely speak English, native children knew how to ask for their favorite drink, available just down the road at the street vendor‘s hut. Created in 1885 by pharmacist John Pemberton, Coca-Cola has evolved from a tonic peddled by traveling salesmen to cure headaches and hangovers, to one of the most recognized and most widely enjoyed beverages of all time (Oliver 14). On average, North Americans drink at least one serving of Coke per day (CSPI sc1). With over two million dollars spent every year on advertising and with very†¦show more content†¦Coca-Cola argues many points in support of its marketing and image. Especially in the years following WWII, Coke has worked hard to present an image associated with having a good time. Since the late 1800s, Coke’s advertising has shown people in beautiful places and in beautiful clothes, having a beautiful time and enjoying their beautiful lives--even in times of war and economic recession. While wars, riots and scandals rage in this country, Coke has been â€Å"holding forth to the world a picture of itself as pleasant and rewarding--the kind of place most people would like for it to be† (Watters 216). In Coke’s more recent advertising, Coke continues its image of fun and beauty, showing teens enjoying a sunrise and at a rave dance party in the woods. However , these more current commercials were in response to two other adds that were considered â€Å"not funny† and â€Å"mean spirited† by public opinion polls (Sampey par 1-4). Those ads showed family members and friends physically fighting with each other because someone had forgotten to bring Coke. Along with the claim that it facilitates a good time, Coke also claims that it wants to give everyone a voice, minorities included. With the Vietnam war raging in the 1970s, Coke featured a commercial that showed different ethnicities from around the world holding hands and singing a song, including the words, â€Å"I’d like to buy the world a Coke† and â€Å"I’d like toShow MoreRelatedAdvertising And Its Effect On Advertising888 Words   |  4 Pagesto a more sexual image, or something more creative that requires intelligence to create and understand. First, by taking a sip of the Pepsi advertisement, I noticed the horizontal advertisement has a gentle light blue background. The Pepsi logo sits in the corner, not drawing much attention to itself. In the center of this ad is a Pepsi can. Next to the Pepsi can is a red can with a silver curved thick line going up the side from the bottom of the can to the top, resembling a Coke can. The differenceRead MoreCoca Cola Advertising Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pagesthem effective. The specific advertisement that is being discussed is one in which a man on a beach is enjoying a cold Coca- Cola. He reaches down to grab his drink to discover that it was no longer where he left it. He did not see the penguin hiding behind him that took the cold Coca-Cola for itself. This advertisement uses logos, pathos, and ethos to persuade its audience to buy Coca-Cola and is an effective advertisement. Coca Cola draws its viewers in by displaying colorful, unique adsRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Gatorade And Coke977 Words   |  4 Pagesthem in their everyday lives. Gatorade has decided to revamp their internet marketing strategy to gain an online presence and get the upper hand on their competitors. The competitors we are going to analyze and critique are PowerAde, Vitaminwater and Coke. I identified the competitors by looking at the sports drink and soda industries to see what companies are Gatorade’s main competition and what strategies they can use to get ahead of these 3 prominent competitors. The first competitor I’m going toRead MoreCoca-Cola Company901 Words   |  4 Pageswent hiding and sixty five received death threats . Union alleged Coca Cola to be behind all these activities Breach of Confidence in Employees In the year 2006 , three Coca Cola employees were charged for trying to sell trade secrets and confidential information to the competitor PepsiCo . PepsiCo had taken an ethical decision by informing the Coca Cola about the offer . This has increased the brand image of PepsiCo but questioned Coca Cola s ability to maintain confidence among its employees Read MoreCoca Cola Vs. Pepsi Cola Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica. While having emphasis on its refreshing cool taste and convenience, these ads created a certain attitude with its audience causing the rise in popularity and sales. During this same time Pepsi was also on the rise competing with Coca- Cola. Both Coke and Pepsi used similar strategies but Coca- Cola gave itself a slight edge through innovative technique and the use of â€Å"lifestyle† advertising. Coca- Cola really did create a refreshing beverage but created an ad campaign using refreshing, excitingRead MoreCoca Col A Symbol Of American Culture1599 Wor ds   |  7 PagesCoca-cola is truly a symbol of American culture, however everyone’s favorite soft drink may not be so sweet once you know the full history. Coca-Cola was founded in 1886. It’s inventor was a pharmacist named John Pemberton. Pemberton originally sold Coke as a pharmaceutical drug in the form of syrup containing cocaine and wine. It was intended to cure morphine addiction, however soon after Pemberton finalized his formula the campaign for prohibition began and he was forced to replace the wine withRead MorePepsi Of Coca Cola And Pepsi1259 Words   |  6 Pagesrival those of Coca-Cola and Pepsi. The longevity and prosperity of these two competitors is enough to inspire countless business’ to model their own companies after these icons. This paper will detail some of the business aspects that have helped Coke and Pepsi to thrive, as well as considering what mistakes have been made in their pursuit of success. Learning from the successes and failures of other companies can help a new business to know which roads of marketing, expansion, etc. to exploreRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Coca Cola1342 Words    |  6 PagesSimilar to everything else in our world, advertisements continue to change year after year and era after era. When thinking of common brands with impressive advertisements and campaigns, Coca-Cola is one that we are introduced to at a young age. Coke has been advertising their brand for over one hundred years. This brand continues to relate to many consumers by modifying and creating advertisement campaigns, which relate to current trends. Two advertisements in particular test the theory of howRead MoreCoca Cola Vs. Pepsi1312 Words   |  6 Pagescompany controls 42% of the soft drink market in comparison with Pepsi who owns 30% (â€Å"Coke Vs. Pepsi: By The Numbers.†). With market power, Coke and Pepsi have accomplished manipulating prices and controlling profits for ages leading towards their success. Coke and Pepsi are two economic giants that sell similar products in the cola industry and market power keeps them both competitive. A brief history about Coke starts with when it was founded at a drug store by a pharmacist named John Stith PembertonRead MoreThe Case Of Food And Beverage Companies947 Words   |  4 Pageshuge number of people don’t examine the products they buy. Companies use millions of dollars to advertise, using celebrities to present their products with images that are not close to the reality. This is the case of some food and beverage companies such as McDonald’s, Carl’s Jr. and Coca Cola. These three companies promote and advertised images of people enjoying food, clowns encouraging children to eat junk food, and polar bears making believe that families have a perfect life drinking coca cola

Cosmetology School Free Essays

Every year thousands of people who have a passion for fashion, style and beauty and who enjoy making other people and themselves look amazing and feel appealing enroll in cosmetology schools. Cosmetology school is a place for creative, sociable, ambitious and constantly developing individuals. There are a lot of various directions in the program of a cosmetology school, so every person is free either to choose the subject he or she likes, or to take up several of them: nail technician, esthetician, hair styling, permanent make up specialist, massage therapist, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Cosmetology School or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sphere of cosmetology is multisided and very perspective and rewarding nowadays and there are a lot of reasons why attending a cosmetology school may be beneficial. The most important advantage of having a cosmetology school education is that you will hardly ever be unemployed (unless you will wish to). People would always like to look and feel beautiful, so you will always have enough opportunities to make them be and feel such. The only task you will always have to fulfill is to be always aware of the latest style and fashion trends and the newest techniques, and take any chance to cultivate your creativity and collect precious experience in your job. Another advantage of this career is that you are free to choose time and even place where you are eager to perform your skills. You may make weekends whatever days of week you want and you will never have to get up early in the morning(unless you have a yoga-class), because most of stylists prefer starting their working day in the afternoon, during the lunch break of their clients, or even in the evening, after normal business hours. And even if your working place is in the salon, it is likely that you can set the schedule convenient for you. People say: â€Å"If you want to succeed in business, the best way for you is to make your hobby your own business† – a cosmetologist career is the best example to reflect this view. Working with clients’ hair, nails or makeup may be extremely exciting. You meet many different people with different views as for style and fashion and all of them want you to bring their dreams to reality. During this process you practice not only as a cosmetologist, but also as psychologist. And the best reward is a grateful smile on the face of your client. It is also necessary to point out that if you are creative and skillful enough and enjoy trying new provocative styles, it is possible that you will be asked to style the hair and makeup of models and celebrities, or even well-known politicians. You will even have a possibility to work for big companies’ hair shows, such as Joico or Paul Mitchell, or for some prominent modeling agencies, theatres or magazines. You can make various astonishing acquaintances and may be you will be well-known among very important people. In a field of cosmetology your incomes depend on nothing else but type, amount and quality of your own work. The more clients you are eager to have a day the more money you may earn. By the way, if to work hard and make a number of personal clients, there is a possibility of expanding your career by becoming a salon manager or even by opening your own salon. I am hardworking and willful, confident of my abilities and skills, so I hope to open my own spa salon some day. I know that my skills and natural charm and sociability will help me to build a base of clients. Moreover I am planning to open my own blog or even a site, where I will give necessary advice on fashion, style, hair design and nail art and tell people about the newest style tendencies. Probably I will face a lot of competitors on my way, but I am not afraid of that. People like to have their own specialist whether in hair style, makeup or manicure, that’s why, they are searching for the â€Å"right† person, who would meet their needs. I am sociable and flexible enough to meet the needs of different kinds of people and I am conscious that people will notice that. Attending a cosmetology school can let one build a fun, flexible and very rewarding career. This job allows flexible working hours, high incomes, guarantee of being employed, plenty of room for professional and personal growth, and acquaintance and experience of interaction with various people. It is necessary to keep up with changing style and fashion tendencies to succeed in this field. In order to keep the clients’ interest a stylist should always be in a process of self-improvement and self-education, as well as he should always find common language with clients. A cosmetology education provides a person with an opportunity of expanding his or her career by becoming a salon or spa manager or even an owner of such. Although it will take a lot of efforts to do this and there are a lot of competitors on the way, I am sure that some day my goal of owning a salon will be achieved. I believe that cosmetology school education will help me to take the first step to my dream and once I will be proud to call my job â€Å"my hobby†. How to cite Cosmetology School, Papers