LDH Purification lab Report Essays

LDH Purification lab Report Essays LDH Purification lab Report Paper LDH Purification lab Report Paper OLD was purified from the ammonium sulfate precipitated protein mixture by affinity chromatography and its activity was studied by spectrophotometers determination of NADIA at 340 NM. From Pierce BCC assay of crude homogenate, initial protein concentration was shown to be 100 MGM/ml. The final protein concentration of the pooled affinity sample was shown to be 0. 2 MGM/ml. It was found that the total specific activity of OLD was 58. 5 mol/min/MGM, and yield of 0. 6%. Even though we were successful in purifying OLD enzyme, further steps can be taken to increase the yield. Materials and Methods Cell Lysine and Extraction of OLD: Approximately 40 g of minced chicken breast eat (40. 327 g) is blended with ml cold extraction buffer in four 30-seconds bursts for homogenate of the muscle tissue. The extraction buffer contained mm Tries-HCI (pH-7. 4), mm 2-Merchantable, mm Phenylmethylsulfonylflouride (AMPS), 1 mm Ethylene Dianne attracted acid (EDIT). The homogeneities procedure was carried out in the cold room to prevent the denomination of proteins. The homogenate was centrifuged at 15,000 RPM for 20 minutes at 40 C. The supernatant was filtered through two layers of cheesecloth to remove lipids from the supernatant. The total volume was noted and three 0. Ml aliquots (crude extract) were stored at -200 C. Ammonium sulfate precipitation: 60% ammonium sulfate concentration was used to precipitate proteins. 0. 39 g of ammonium sulfate per ml of the supernatant was added gradually to the supernatant for 15-20 min with continuous gentle stirring at 40 C. The mixture was centrifuged for 20 minutes at 1 5,000 RPM at 40 C. The supernatant was discarded and the pellet was stored at -200 c. Dialysis: Ammonium precipitation leads to high concentration of salts in protein mixture that can interfere with further purification steps. In order to remove excess salts, dialysis was performed. The pellet was suspended in Tries-AMPS buffer (10 rim Tries-HCI, pH 8. 6, 0. 5 mm 2-Merchantable, and mm ratio of EDIT) and mixed very gently until it dissolved at 40 C. Volume of ml protein mixture was added in the dialysis tubing and incubated twice overnight with two IL buffer changes (Same buffer as extraction buffer that was used for cell lysine). After two incubation, protein mixture was responded gently and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 15,RPM at ICC. Pellet was discarded, total volume of supernatant was noted and three 0. 1 ml aliquots were collected. Affinity Chromatography: Isobaric Blue column was used to separate OLD from the other proteins. Ml fractions were collected in thirteen test tubes. Column was first rinsed with Tries-AMPS buffer followed by addition of protein mixture. Then, ml AND Buffer (mm Tries-HCI pH-8. 6, 0. Mm 2-Merchantable, mm Lithium acetate and 1 mm AND+) was added followed by NADIA (mm Its- HCI PH 8. 6, mm NADIA and 0. Mm 2-Merchantable). Between each steps, column was washed with ml Tries-AMPS Buffer. Each fraction was subjected to absorbency reading of Mann. For absorbency above 1. NM, 1:10 dilutions were carried out. Activity Assay: We used OLD Enzyme assay to measure the amount of OLD activity in our protein mixture. OLD catalysts the conversion of lactate to private and AND+ to NADIA. The NADI A can be determined spectrophotometers at 340 NM. The OLD assay was performed in the crude homogenate, desalted fraction and six peak fractions from the Isobaric blue column. A cocktail solution was prepared by mixing lactate stock solution (120 rim lithium lactate, 10 mm Tries-HCI; pH 8. 6), AND+ stock solution (12 mm AND+, 10 mm Tries HCI; pH 8. 6) and bicarbonate stock solution (18 mm Enhance, 0. 5 M Nasal) in the ratio of in cavetti. 0 micrometers of the sample is then added and the assay absorption is measured at Mann. If absorbency was above 1. 5, samples were diluted. Protein Assay: The Pierce BCC Protein Assay (Thermo Scientific) is a detergent- compatible formulation based on bioscience acid (BCC) for the colorimetric detection and quantization of total protein concentration. A series of standard solution of Bovine Serum Albumin (BAS) ranging from 0-2000 pig/ml was prepared from a stock solution of 2 MGM/ml BAS. Lull of diluted crude (1:500, 1 :250), desalted (1:100, 1:50), and 6 peak fractions from isobaric blue column (1:10, 1:5) ere loaded in microscope along with lull of BCC working reagent. Microscope was incubated for mini at ICC and then the absorbency was measured at Mann. Results/Discussion The purpose of this experiment was to extract and purify OLD enzyme from chicken muscle tissue using a variety of techniques including homogeneities, ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and affinity chromatography. Activity and Protein assay were used to track the overall amount of OLD present in the samples. Crude Extraction: Chicken muscle tissue was homogeneity in a blender with cold extraction buffer in order to else cells, releasing OLD into slurry of tissue monuments. Centrifugation separated membranes, nuclei, and other large cellular components to a pellet leaving a supernatant of crude product. Controlling temperature was a major consideration after homogeneities since not only did this step releases proteins like OLD from the cell, but it also releases proteases that can now interact to degrade the OLD. Keeping samples on ice, pre-cooling the buffer, and avoiding excess kinetic energy through conservative blending were methods used to minimize activity of these proteases. After filtration through cheesecloth, our final volume of crude homogenate sample ml, much more volume than expected. Addition of more than ml of buffer volume could have increased the volume. Other possible explanation is that more solid components such as fats were present in the sample and hence, more than 20 minutes of centrifugation was required. Desalted Sample: 60% ammonium sulfate is added to the crude extract that precipitates OLD proteins. The resulting 40% pellet theoretically contains most of the original OLD, which is re-suspended in very less volume (ml) to create a more concentrated sample. This process leads to high concentration of salts in rotten mixture that can interfere with subsequent purification steps. Ml protein mixture underwent dialysis procedure that removes excess salts and our final volume after dialysis was ml. One possible explanation for increase in our volume could be that extraction buffer got mixed with protein mixture either due to tubing leaking or tubing clips not being properly tightened. Affinity Chromatography: Isobaric Blue column is an affinity column, which is specific to dehydrogenate type proteins, due to a compound structurally similar to NADIA being attached covalently attached to the column. 13 fractions were elected and absorbency was measured at Mann to check presence of OLD protein in the fractions. 1:10 dilution was performed if absorbency reading was above 1. NM since it spectrographically indicates saturation and less than 1% light reaching the detector. During the addition of protein mixture (fraction# 4), high absorbency reading of NM was obtained (Fig. 1). This could be due to lot of non-dehydrogenate-type proteins present in our sample that got eluted first during affinity chromatography. Second peak was seen after AND+ was added since AND solution results in the removal of the loosely bound protein. Third peak was seen after NADIA was added since NADIA solution results in release of maximum OLD proteins (Fig l) Enzyme Activity Assay: The OLD activity was measured spectrophotometers by measuring the absorbency of NADIA at 340 NM. Three peak fractions were selected for this assay based on their absorbency values obtained after adding AND+ (fraction# 6, 7, 8) and other three after adding NADIA in the affinity chromatography step (fraction# 10, 1 1 , 12). A huge activity of 141 mol/min/ml was seen at fraction# 7(PUFF ) which indicated that we had lot of proteins present in our sample. Second peak activity was seen t fraction indicating that more OLD proteins is present in this fraction than in fraction# 11 (PUFF) (fig. 1). Based on this information, we selected fraction #10 as for our protein assay. Desalted showed highest activity among all the samples (Tablet ) possible due to errors occurring during dialysis explained previously. Figure 1. Absorbency readings of eluted obtained from affinity chromatography with OLD activity for 6 peak fractions. The desalted fraction was loaded to the Isobaric blue column and proteins were eluted with Tries-AMPS, AND+ and NADIA wash subsequently. The absorbency at 280 NM of eluted were measured after ACH collected fractions. The OLD activity was calculated from the absorbency values obtained at Mann. Protein Assay: We used BCC Pierce Assay to determine protein concentrations in our protein mixture. BAS standard curve was created for series of dilutions ranging from 0-2000 pig/ml and linear graph equation was used to calculate protein concentrations for the samples (Table 1). Based on Table 1, with each subsequent purification step, protein concentration decreases as sample become more concentrated with only OLD protein. Specific activity should increase and total activity should decrease with very purification step as samples get less and less diluted.

PODCAST Build a Marketing Strategy For 9,360% Bigger Results

PODCAST Build a Marketing Strategy For 9,360% Bigger Results Are you getting more out of your marketing than you’re putting into it? Nathan Ellering is the head of demand generation at , and he wants you to be able to say that you’re getting the results you want from your marketing, your content, and your social media. Nathan is also the author of The Ultimate Guide to Marketing Strategy, so he’s a bit of an expert on the topic! We’re going to be talking to him today about how you can generate quality leads, get the traffic and traction that you want, and make your marketing strategy a success. What Nathan does at as the head of demand generation. The story behind the launch of the Ultimate Guide to Marketing Strategy: what it includes, why it was necessary to write it, how it’s different, and why you should check it out. Nathan also shares why he created it as a microsite as opposed to a blog. The importance of following the acronym SMART when you’re setting your goals. An explanation of what 10x content is and how Nathan makes it work for him. How Nathan recommends tracking marketing ROI to be sure that your content is doing what it’s supposed to do. How to prioritize within your marketing strategy. The concept of goals-driven budgeting. Nathan’s best advice for someone just starting a marketing strategy. Links: The Ultimate Guide to Marketing Strategy Google Analytics If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Nathan: â€Å"Marketers who document their strategy are 538 percent more likely to report success than those who don’t.† â€Å"The goals-driven budgeting methodology requires you to set your goals first, then plan your budget to make the goals a reality.† â€Å"As a marketer, your first blog post won’t be good and your first ad is probably going to suck, but you need to do it. You need to ship something and you need to continuously improve.†

Informative Paper on Islam People Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Informative on Islam People - Research Paper Example Islam is not just a religion; in fact, it is a complete way of life which teaches Muslims peace, mercy and forgiveness (Mawdudi 1975). Islam is a relatively new religion as compared to the other religions of the world. Muslims believe that the Holy Prophet was the last prophet and there were many before him starting from Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and many more. The Holy Prophet was born in Makah and became the prophet at the age of 40. He was a pious man who had to face many persecutions in order to propagate the word of god. He faced persecutions because Islam taught equality amongst all and people of Makah were not willing to accept that. During his life, he propagated Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula and beyond. He led his life by example. Today’s Muslims try to follow the footsteps of the Holy Prophet, which is called the Sunnah. They try to live their lives like him in order succeed in the world hereafter. Hadith, the sayings of the Holy Prophet, also provid es Muslims with guidance for how to go about different endeavors. Religions are dogmatic in nature and Islam provides a complete guideline for how to go about our lives in the form of the Holy Quran, Sunnah and Hadith (Understanding Islam and Muslims). Muslims believe that the Holy Quran is the word of the Almighty Allah himself. ... mplete code of life as instructed by Allah and serves as an authentic guideline to Muslims when in need of guidance for economic system, just system, and proper human conduct, therefore, Muslims hold the Holy Quran in the highest regard. Every religion has some basic principles, in Islam; they are called the 5 pillars of Islam. Every Muslim must abide by these principles in order to be a proper Muslims. Firstly, the Shahadah, a person must recite and accept this in order to become a Muslim. It shows that person has submitted to the Almighty Allah. Second, Salat (prayer), all Muslims are to pray to god five times a day in order to get forgiveness and get close to Him. There is no hierarchical order in Islam so a learned person, the Imam, leads the congregational prayers. Third, Zakat (alms giving), all Muslims must give 2.5% of their income to the needy. By doing so, one purifies one’s income and has great benefits for the society as well. Fourth, Saum (fasting), every Muslim m ust fast in the month of Ramadan; it helps one become more resilient and also realize what the less privileged suffer from. Fifth, Hajj (pilgrimage), during the month of Ramadan, Muslims from all over the world travel to Makah to perform the hajj ceremony. This is only obligatory if the person is able to afford the trip. Muslims must perform these obligations to become true Muslims (Understanding Islam and Muslims). There are 1.57 billion Muslims of all ages in the world today which is about 23% of the global population. Muslims are divided into 2 major sects: Shiites and Sunnis. Even though their prayer practices are different, but their belief is still the same and worship Allah (Comparison Chart: Christianity and Islam). Islam and Christianity are the two most populous religions in the world.

Hsc module c Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hsc module c - Essay Example It is imperative to recognize that different countries have varied political structures. Therefore, people are represented differently in different countries. In essence, it is essential to study the politics of different nations to identify the dynamisms in politics. The society is usually stratified into political, socio-cultural and economic aspects. The socio-cultural aspect entails the people’s way of life and the organization of social institutions. The economic aspect is concerned about the people’s source of livelihood. The primary focus in the economic division is how people earn a living. Finally, the political organ deals with leadership and administration of services in the country. In essence, the political organ affects the operation of the other divisions and, therefore, emerges as a sensitive aspect (Reynolds, 2000). Apparently, all people cannot be involved directly in leadership and, therefore, representatives have to be chosen from the general population. Essentially, there exist numerous ways that can be used to choose political leaders from the general population. For instance, the leaders are chosen through elections or appointments. The Australian government operates a democratic government where all eligible candidates are offered a level ground to participate in the country’s leadership. In most case, people representation in politics is facilitated by the general elections. In this case, the citizens are allowed to participate in the general elections and elect leaders of their choice. The elected leaders become representatives of the common citizens in the political arena. All the political decisions made by the elected and appointed members reflects on the ideas of the general population of the country. Therefore, the elected leaders act as the custodians of the interests of t he local people and thereby their actions significantly influence the operations of

Grade Retention Essay example -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Grade retention, better known as â€Å"staying back†, â€Å"being held back† or â€Å"repeating†, has been the topic of much debate within the educational system. The controversy which surrounds this long-standing issue has been reinforced by such topics as the recent endorsement of academic standards. Research indicates that â€Å"the rate of retention has increased by approximately 40% in the last 20 years with as many as 15% of all American students held back each year and 30-50% held back at least once before ninth grade† (Dawson, 1998). These discouraging statistics pose copious problems within a school system. The difficulties can be appreciated at the organizational level, as well as inside the classroom and, most troubling, within the individual students. The consequences, both positive and negative, reverberate throughout the school system. Grades retention is an issue which requires a prodigious amount of examination and shou ld be considered carefully and thoroughly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Formally, grade retention is defined as the practice of requiring a student who has been in a given grade level for a full school year to return at that level for a subsequent year (Jackson, 1975). Unofficially, the practice is employed as a tool to enhance the academic or developmental growth for students who are unable to meet the curriculum requirements due to a variety of reasons. These reasons can include decreased cognitive functioning, physical immaturity, social-emotional difficulties and failure to pass standardized assessments. A child may be considered for retention if he has poor academic skills, is small in stature, is the youngest in the class, has moved frequently, has been absent repeatedly, does poorly on prescreening assessments or has limited English-language skills (Robertson, 1997). Additionally, the typical profile of a retained child is more likely to reveal an elementary school-aged student who is a black or Hispanic male with a late birthd ay, developmental delay, attentional problems, low socioeconomic status, single-parent household with a parent who either does not or cannot intervene on behalf of the child (Robertson, 1997; Mattison, 2000). Also seen in retained children are the predictive health factors of hearing and speech impairments, low birth weight, enuresis and exposure to cigarette smoke within the home (Byrd... ...ommended, what should parents do? ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. Champaign, IL. Parker, Dennis R. (2001). Social promotion or retention? Leadership, 30 (4),12-16. Jackson, G. (1975). The research evidence on the effects of grade retention. Review of Educational Research, 45, 613-635. Holmes, C. T. (1989). Synthesis of recent research on nonpromotion: A five-year follow-up. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American education research Association, San Francisco, CA. Natale, J. A. (1991). Rethinking grade retention. Educational Digest, 56 (9), 30-34. Slavin, Robert E., Karweit, N., & Wasik, B. Preventing early school failure: What works? Educational Leadership, 50 (4). Darling-Hammond, Linda. (1998). Avoiding both grade retention and social promotion. The School Administrator, 48-53. Byrd, Robert S., & Weitzman, Michael L. (1994). Predictors of early grade retention among children in the United States. Pediatrics, 93 (3), 481-488. Mattison, Richard E. (2000). School Consultation: A review of research on issues unique to the school environment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolscent Psychiatry,

Incarceration of African American Males Essay

Introduction The trend of African American males between the ages of 25 and 29 has seen a dramatic increase of incarceration. Attention has been focusing on areas of housing, education, and healthcare but the most prominent problem for African American males is the increase in the incarceration rate. African American males between the ages of 25 and 29 incarceration rate has been thought, by many, to be caused by economic factors such as under employment or unemployment, poor housing, lack of education, and lack of healthcare. Yet, others believe it is due to the imbalance of minorities within the criminal justice system, such as judges, lawyers, and lawmakers. This paper will explore two different outlooks; society has come up with so far, as to why African American Males between the ages of 25 and 29 are increasingly incarcerated. Finally, the information will give awareness to the problems that is faced by African American Males between the ages of 25 and 29. Prevalence – Problem 1 More than 40% of all American prisoners, men and women, are African American men, yet they make up just 13% of the U. S. male population (Roberts, 2004). This statistic does not include those African American men who are in local jails nor does it include those African American men under custodial supervision (Table 2). They enter the state and federal prison system, at the prime of their economic and reproductive lives and yet they exit prison behind both economically and socially. The high rate of incarceration among African Americans has been noted by the interconnection of poor economy, lack of affordable housing, mental illness, substance abuse, domestic violence, absence of a strong black male role model, lack of access to education, or some type of combination of these factors. Statistics don’t even give African American males a good chance to stay out of jail. They have a one in four chance of being incarcerated, while Hispanic American males have a one in six chance, and white males only have a one in twenty three chance of incarceration. The color of African Americans sets them apart and makes them targetable. Prevalence – Problem 2 There is evidence, in our American Justice System, of structural inequality as seen in the percentages of minorities to the percentage of majorities employed in high ranking positions, within the system. The percentage of United States judges by race are 79% Caucasian, 12% African American, and 2% Hispanics American (Federal Judicial Center, 2012), as for the thousands of lawyers in the United States it is approximate of 3% are African American (National Law Group, 2010-2011), and about 1 in 4 police officers are members of a racial or ethnic minority in 2007 (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2013). An investigation into racial profiling showed that African American and Hispanic American offenders, who often are young unemployed males, are more likely than their white counterparts (Spohn, C. , 2000). Their prison sentences are also typically longer or they receive differential benefits from guideline departures than do similarly situated white offenders (Spohn, C. , 2000). We must acknowledge the problems of racial disparity within the criminal justice system, communicate racial disparity within the criminal justice system with those we who are not informed of the problem, and stay committed to changing racial disparity within our justice system for change to begin. Causes In researching the high rate of incarceration in America it is more likely than not that the increase in African American Males being incarcerated is due to the War on Drugs (Table 1). It is public knowledge that drug crime ranks high among the effects of poverty. These poor neighborhoods not only endure crime they have poor schools, poor food, cramped living areas, and shortage of jobs if any jobs at all. Drugs and drug crime has become regularity in low income communities, arrests of Hispanics made up 55% of cocaine powder offences and 52% of marijuana offenses and 49% involving opiates: African Americans were suspected in 75% of crack cocaine cases; White males were suspected in 41% all methamphetamine cases (Motivans, M. , 2011). Decades of failed public and private remedies for chronic disparities and disadvantages in communities of color invite us to reexamine systems and institutions that provide and restrict opportunity in new ways (Lawrence, K. , 2011). The causes seem to be intertwined being poor equals, equals a poor education, equals lack of employment, and ultimately equals an increased rate of crime. Consequences The causes seem to be intertwined being poor, equals lack of education, which equals lack of employment, which equals increased rate of crime which equals impossibility to join criminal justice system. Also, many of these men are incarcerated while all the other non-incarcerated American young men are finishing school, starting careers, earning seniority at work, marrying and having children thus gaining capital. Even when released from prison, these men return back to their communities with a felony record that will pose extreme problems for them. The incarceration leads the released convict into a lower social class even if they were considered lower class Americans prior to their incarceration; they now are lower in social class standing in most instances. This leads to a poor African American community, perhaps as many as 50% of the male population will have been in prison. These incarcerated African American Males, who are in their prime of life, also are leaving half the families in this community facing such things as poverty, lack of affordable housing, mental illness, substance abuse, violence, absence of a strong black male role model, lack of access to education, or some type of combination of these factors. The community ultimately will become poverty stricken, struggling to survive, and ultimately vulnerable to the situation repeating. Solutions – How can this be changed? There are four key aspects to addressing racial disparity, in my opinion: 1. Acknowledge 2. Communication 3. Setback = Strength 4. Commitment Not only is the problem of racial disparity under recognized by society it is not being communicated effectively to make change. Majority groups needs to acknowledge racial disparity and minority groups need to communicate their knowledge regarding racial disparity. As each group majority and minority begins to become share their information with each other and work together for a common solution acknowledging there will be setbacks but with continued commitment systemic change will happen. Conclusion By refusing to tolerate disparate treatment of people of color or anyone within the criminal justice system we empower ourselves and our country. It is time that everyone including our legislators, law enforcement, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges work collectively and courageously to eradicate this negative stigma. Despite, America being known for its equal rights we are living proof that in this era inequality is a factor that cannot be taken lightly. The statistics that are surrounding African American males is astounding. We need to empower African American males with the knowledge that they have a one in four chance of becoming incarcerated. It is also important to know that Hispanic males have a one in six chance, and white males have a one in twenty three chance of incarceration. All of these statistics need to be addressed to empower each and every one us. Throughout history we have not seen a change in majority groups (White, Male) and minority groups (Women, anyone that is not White) although we have seen numbers of minorities increasing at a fast pace. Today, however, the election of Barack Obama, not once but twice, may set the new ideal of what an American actually is. As we embrace different cultures and their ethnic backgrounds society will prosper. As society increases their knowledge, in regards to each person’s differences, they will acquire greater strength and prosperity. The only issue, that can occur, will be in the short term empowering others to embrace diversity. When we look beyond short-term, focus will shift to diverse empowerment through embracing the knowledge of our differences thus making us stronger as a society. TABLE 1: BLACK PROPORTION OF DRUG ARRESTS, EXCLUDING MARIJUANA POSSESSION YEAR BLACK % 1999 40. 1 2000 39. 3 2001 39. 1 2002 35. 8 2003 33. 8 2004 33. 1 2005 33. 2 Data calculated from drug arrest figures by race provided by the Uniform Crime Reports division of the FBI TABLE 2: FBI CRIME REPORT Arrests By Race, 2006 [11,249 agencies; 2006 estimated population 216,685,152] Total White Black American Indian or Alaskan Native Asian or Pacific islander Total White Black American Indian or Alaskan Native Asian or Pacific Islander TOTAL 10,437,620. 7270214 2924724 130589 112093 100. 0 69. 7 28 1. 3 1. 1 Drug abuse violations 1376192 875101 483886 8198 9607 1000 63. 6 35. 1 0. 6 0. 7 DUI’S 1034651 914226 95260 13484 11681 100 88. 4 9. 2 1. 3 1. 1 Liquor laws 466323 398068 50035 12831 5389 100 85. 4 10. 7 2. 8 1. 2 Drunken-ness 408439 344155 54113 7884 2287 100 84. 3 13. 2 1. 9 0. 6 Dis-orderly conduct 5117264 325991 179733 7606 3934 100 63. 0 34. 7 1. 5 0. 8 (The FBI: Uniform Crime Report, 2010) References Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2013, http://bjs. ojp. usdoj. gov/index. cfm? ty=tp&tid=71 The FBI Uniform Crime Reports, 2010, Table 43, http://www. fbi. gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u. s/2010/crime-in-the-u. s. -2010/tables/table-43 Federal Judicial Center, 2012, Overview of the United States Court System, http://www. fjc. gov/public/pdf. nsf/lookup/FJC_Standard_PPT_English_June_2012. pdf/$file/FJC_Standard_PPT_English_June_2012. pdf Lawrence, K. , 2011, Race, Crime, and Punishment: Breaking the Connection in America, http://www. aspeninstitute. org/sites/default/files/content/docs/pubs/Race-Crime-Punishment. pdf Motivans, Mark, 2011, Washington, DC: US Dept. of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics, http://bjs. ojp. usdoj. gov/content/pub/pdf/fjs09. pdf National Law Group 2010-2011, http://blacklawyers. net/ Roberts, D. , 2004, Measuring the Social and Moral Cost of Mass Incarceration, in African American Communities, http://www. law. fsu. edu/faculty/2003-2004workshops/roberts. pdf Spohn,C. ,2000, Thirty Years of Sentencing Reform: The Quest for a Racially Neutral Sentencing Process, http://www. justicestudies. com/pubs/livelink3-1. pdf.

Supply Chain Ethical Issue Heineken - 1508 Words

Supply Chain amp; Ethical Issue: Findings and Recommendations Heineken Company A. Introduction Ethics is one of the most important factors to build reputation and trust of a business among suppliers and consumers. Heineken, a Dutch brewing company, is one of the world’s international most brewers. The company was founded by Gerard Andriaan Heineken in 1864 in Amsterdam (Heineken UK 2012). With operations in 71 countries, the Heineken family owns 125 breweries, employs around 70,000 people, brews and sells more than 250 brands in 178 countries around the world. Four generations of the Heineken family have been energetically contributed to the success and expansion of the Heineken brand throughout the world. During the†¦show more content†¦In brief, this factory is an unsafe environment for workers and the facilities is unqualified. This might lead to serious consequences to worker’s health and the local eco-systems as well. It is also reported that many exclusive Heineken sellers, especially female had to suffer many bad effects from the working environment in some bar, restaurant, party and other events sponsored by Heineken. These salaried women who wear classifiable uniforms have to work for a long time, almost until midnight, communicate with many types of people. They can easily face many problems such as alcohol- related health problems, sexual harassment and violence at workplaces. According to Sanne van der Wal amp; Rob Bleijerveld (2008), in Cambodia, Heineken has been criticized for many year by the Cambodian NGO (Non-Governmental Organisation) Siem Reap Citizens for Health, Educational and Social Issues (SiRCHESI) because of Heineken’s ignorance to their workers, mostly beer sellers. Beer sellers receive low salaries and they do not have any protection and insurance for their company. In Asia, some restaurants illegally use their beer sellers such as prostitution and using sweatshop l abor to make money. Therefore, they are at high risk from HIV/AIDS and others social diseases. It can be seen that Heineken does not concern and protect their exclusive sellers as much as they can. Recently,Show MoreRelatedHeineken Swot Analysis10783 Words   |  44 PagesHeineken Beer Market Executive Summary Chapter 1 analyze threats Heineken is facing and opportunities the company can get from the beer market by using two model PESTLE and Porter Five Forces. PESTLE describe what difficulties come from external environmental factors that the company is facing and Porter five force analyze the threats as well as opportunities of Heineken in suppliers, buyers, competitors, substitutes and new entrant. OT factors in SWOT analysis also use to define in chapter 1 forRead MoreThe Case of Taybeh Beer5966 Words   |  24 Pagesindustry. -Lack of clear-cut channels of distribution. - High cost of imported ingredients for making the beer. - Priced higher than Israeli beers -Lack of advertising because it is not allowed and very costly. - Dependence of raw materials and supplies from abroad (Portugal, Belgium, England, etc.) Opportunities Opportunities are external chances to make greater sales or profits in the environment. - Specific niche: Appreciation for high-quality brew, enjoyment, and refreshment - CurrentRead MoreCoffee and Starbucks2057 Words   |  9 Pagesprovided with resources that help to lower the cost of production, reduce fungus infections and increase the production of premium coffee. 4.2 Macro Environement This section will examine some of the key Macro Environmental factors that face Heineken. More specifically, the following subjects will be discussed: 1. Economic Factors 2. Technological Factors 3. Political Factors 4.2.1 Economic Factors 4.2.2 Technological Factors As stated by Kotler and Armstrong (2010, p.106), technologicalRead MoreThe Boston Beer Company5244 Words   |  21 PagesRoper joined the Company as Vice President of Manufacturing and Business Development in September 1994 and became the Chief Operating Officer in April 1997.   * Gregg  A.  Tanner (Class B Director) Mr. Tanner has over 30 years of operations and supply chain management experience in the food and beverage industry, with significant experience in risk management.  And here he is responsible for risk management strategy. * Jean-Michel  Valette (Class B Director) Mr. Valette has extensive experienceRead MoreGlaxosmithkline18561 Words   |  75 Pagesapproach. In 2003, the company formally adopted a set of Corporate Responsibility Principles. The company is highly transparent about its CSR policies and has a clear governance structure on CSR. Reporting about CSR performance is still limited on some issues, such as employment practices and internal monitoring on compliance with the company’s Code of Conduct. Recent criticism concerning GSK’s CSR performance includes fraudulent patent manoeuvres, irresponsible drug promotion and tax evasion. GSK’s policyRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesfundamental wide-ranging issues. The bursting of the high-tech bubble both in many start-up companies and in major segments of established firms dissipated many entrepreneurial efforts and the large sums of money that were spent to create organizations that never earned a profit and wer e often hugely unsuccessful as business entities. However, this enormous cost to some companies also created beneficial impacts for many other companies in dealing with these fundamental wide-ranging issues. These beneficialRead MoreYips Model8756 Words   |  36 Pagescinnamon, until they are now the same recipe as the American donut, but a little smaller to fit the Japanese hand.[?] The conservative British are increasingly abandoning their warm â€Å"pint of bitter† beer for cold American-and-European-style lager. Heineken has successful created a globally standardized beer that its adherents buy all over the world. Americans now drink more and more French mineral water. According to executives in a leading multinational food and beverage concern, it seems to beRead MoreIndividual Assessment Cover Sheet / Plagiarism Declaration Form8448 Words   |  34 PagesHOTELS 17 INITIATIVES 18 HILTON HOTELS 19 INITIATIVES : 19 TOPIC 9 - FUTURE TRENDS AND CHALLENGES FACING THE GLOBAL HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY 20 INTRODUCTION 20 DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE: 20 TECHNOLOGY: 20 GLOBALIZATION: 21 SAFETY AND SECURITY : 21 ENVIRONMENT ISSUES : 21 SKILLED WORKFORCE: 21 EFFECTS OF SOPHISTICATED AND DIVERSIFIED CUSTOMERS 22 REFLECTION FROM THE UNIT MHC:602 23 REFERENCES LIST 23 Executive Summary The world of Hospitality and travel industry is fast growing and dynamicRead MoreOreo and Pt Danone Biscuit15809 Words   |  64 Pagesvalued at US$ 1.784 per ton in 2006, the market size was estimated to reach US$ 424.67 million that year. Competition Competition and sales promotion are important factors to determine success in sales of food products including biscuit especially as issue of quality is highly sensitive. Good promotion will work on sales. Biscuit below 50 grams in weight compete sharply Unit size is important as price is an important factor to determine choice... | Read MorePorters Five Forces in Beer Market75399 Words   |  302 Pagestogether with Heineken was by far the largest transaction in Carlsberg’s history, immediately increasing Carlsberg’s beer sales by 33% (pro rata). Carlsberg is now a much larger player in the global brewing industry with a strong position as the world’s fourth largest brewer. More importantly, Carlsberg holds a strong position in virtually all of the markets in which we have chosen to compete. THE TRANSFORMATION In May and June Carlsberg successfully carried out a rights issue. We raised new